Wednesday, June 5, 2019

Event 3

Alexander Damianisch was part of a series of short lectures at the symposium on “Arts based Research in times of Social and Climate Change” on campus on April 4th. Her topic covered “Art Based Research on Dementia.”


Damianisch’s presentation was titled “On the Development of Milieus of Change via Institutions.” He introduced his ideas by talking meditation, centering, and relaxation. By taking even a few seconds to gather one’s self, you can find a new focus and center of thought on which to go about your day. By separating from the kind of standard approaches to work, you can get into a whole new mindset.

This opens up space for newfound detail and artistic creativity. By combining “focus freedom” and “free focus,” a person can find a place of artistic research and innovation that they would be unable to find without relaxing the mind. He also talked about how this helps artists find “spaces beyond contextual anticipations.”

Damianisch talking about focus and relaxation in art

This all combines to his overarching theme, which is you need freedom and focus to set the tone for milieus of change. In order to use science to better society, you should be able to relax and renew your thoughts and mental space to hone your artistic creativity to be innovative with science and change.

Gabriel Harp followed him up to discuss “What is Arts Research?” Harp, who is a part of Arts Research University (ARU) discussed how language is an important communication device across various domains and locations. This was relevant to the ARU survey asking “what do you understand arts research to be” across a multitude of educational platforms.

Harp discussing arts research

Some of the larger responses in this survey talked about “practice-led” arts research (24% of responses) as well as “creating and disseminating new culture” (19%). Harp mentioned how arts research is most successful as it itself is a communication device between human beings across the globe. The way a large portion of respondents understand art research involves working together in human relationships, both from a ‘practice-led’ standpoint and mutually creating new culture through art.

Lastly, Harp talked about how art research is impactful on higher educational interdisciplinary practices. He mentioned how university students are impacted in the classroom [directly and indirectly] by the effects of art research.

Greg Lynn spoke about art based research in social and academic settings of climate change. He talked about woven fiber constructions that  use energy from water and wind to move at speeds of 35 miles per hour, not needing a motor. He talked about studies testing sustainability by building houses with carbon fiber as opposed to wood or brick.

The coolest part of his presentation, in my opinion, was talking about microclimate by showing a chair he helped work on to keep athletes warm for peak performance. NBA players and Olympians break down every detail of their body from nutrition to compression clothing, and this chair helps keep their bodies ready to excel.

This chair is an example of an environmentally friendly machine yet helpful and innovative. Another innovation he discussed is related to AI while still ecologically conscious. Lynn helped design GITA, an intelligent device like an iPhone that carries stuff for you. It works similarly to an autonomous-car and can navigate and weave through crowds on the street because it can actually see and understands how people move, down to the details of pivoting and following you back. This is also intended to keep people active by walking more instead of driving, which helps the environment as well.

Lynn talking about GITA

Overall, I would recommend this event. The entire event, on which I wrote about for all 3 of my event blogs, gave cool insights to the infusion of art and science. I particularly liked this set of speakers because they were very differently informative and innovative. I liked how Damianisch basically talked about relaxation for creative purposes, Harp focused about the human-relation elements of arts research, and Lynn discussed a multitude of environmentally friendly inventions to improve society.

Me with Gerald Bast, the keynote speaker, on April 4th

Thursday, May 30, 2019

Week 9

Space travel and exploration is a big part of American pop culture and media. While America has achieved a lot in outer-space scientific research and orbit, much can be attributed to competition with the Soviet Union and the Cold War. The Soviets sent the first human into outer space, as well as a publicized dog, to which Americans responded with Armstrong and Aldrin on the moon.

Laika, the dog sent into space by the Soviet Union

Various forms of media have helped bring artistic and cultural interests to space and exploration, such as the Apollo films depicting American space missions. These films helped give the public an understanding of  the science  it took  to travel to space as well as what other parts of our galaxy look like.

Neil Armstrong on the Moon

The Mars Patent as well as the Cosmic Dancer have provided unique artistic ways of exhibiting space. The Mars Patent uses visual art to take  someone on Earth into the science and world of Mars whereas the Cosmic Dancer uses geometry and photography to display the impacts of gravitational forces (and a lackthereof) on the insides of space shuttles.

As mentioned, space is a big part of Hollywood. So many popular film and television series are based on artistic interpretations and visions for what could exist in the galaxy outside of Planet Earth - such as E.T., Star Trek, and Star Wars. Star Wars alone has created its own universe that is being brought to California. Star Wars: Galaxy's Edge is opening this week at Disneyland and has every square inch specifically crafted to resemble the land in the movies, which are based off of imagined outer space.

Star Wars: Galaxy's Edge opening May 31st at Disneyland

References:

MARS PATENT. "The Mars Patent." Web. http://www.mars-patent.org/

Woods, Arthur. "Cosmic Dancer." 1993-2019. Web. https://www.cosmicdancer.com/index.php

Vesna, Victoria. "8 space pt3 1280x720" YouTube, uploaded by UC Online, 29 July 2013 Web. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4WOqt_C55Mk

Vesna, Victoria. "Space pt4" YouTube, uploaded by UC Online, 30 May 2012 Web. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J5ClKO6AJPo

Vesna, Victoria. "Space pt6" YouTube, uploaded by UC Online, 30 May 2012 Web. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VYmOtFjIj0M


Sunday, May 26, 2019

Week 8

Nanotechnology deals with things measured less than 100 nanometers, manipulating things on an atomic nanoscale. This scientific innovation dives into microscopic detail that humans can't sense or visualize on standard sensory scales. However, being able to measure atoms at nanoscales does far more than test the human potential attention to detail.

Being able to break down molecules and both see and manipulate atomic makeups is useful in the medical field. The ability to disect DNA and carbon, for example, at nanoscales, is the key to medicine and curing diseases, potentially such as cancer (according to lecture).

Nanoscales also relate to art and artistry. Lecture discussed the mathematical proportions of nanometers to calculate the amount of letters that need to be typed to compose thousands of pages of encyclopedia.


Binnig and Rohrer's Scanning Tunneling Microscope


Binnig and Rohrer's Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM) was groundbreaking in nanotechnology and nanoart. This device gave humans the ability, as mentioned, to manipulate atoms at the nanoscale to, in turn, make items appear different visually. For example, they could mainpulate small parts  of  lines within a strucutre to create a new wave shape.

Wave patterns derived from atomic maniuplation

Lecture also mentioned how this miniscule attention to detail helped create self-cleaning fabrics and glass, which are based in science but artistically designed and used. Similarly the John Curtin Gallery tried to "present new ways of seeing, sensing, and connecting with matter that's miniscule and abstract," such as their bone speaker. These artists worked with "the piezolecetric nature of the bone matrix in order to cause bone to vibrate in such a way as to generate audible sound." This helped artists measure what is beyond the human senses while producing mechanisms to enjoy and hear sound.

Bone speaker


References:

Gimzewski, Jim. "Nanotech Jim pt1"YouTube, uploaded by UC Online, 21 May 2012. Web. https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=835&v=q7jM6-iqzzE

Gimzewski, Jim. "Nanotech Jim pt2"YouTube, uploaded by UC Online, 21 May 2012. Web. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HEp6t0v-v9c

John Curtin Gallery. "art in the age of nanotechnology." 2010. Web. https://art.base.co/event/2104-art-in-the-age-of-nanotechnology#3

Gimzewski, Jim. "Nanotech Jim pt3"YouTube, uploaded by UC Online, 21 May 2012. Web. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X0HCNiU_108

Gimzewski, Jim. "Nanotech Jim pt4"YouTube, uploaded by UC Online, 21 May 2012. Web. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yHCuZetAIhk


Thursday, May 16, 2019

Week 7

Neuroscience and psychology directly relate to the way we process the world and view it in colorful, artistic, and creative perspectives. Gardner's book focused heavily on neuropsychology to explain how science and the human brain influence artistic thinking. This is essentially the coexistence of the left and right brains.

Left vs. Right Brains.

Consiousness, according to lecture, is "the state or condition of being conscious" which often relates to identities and general awarenesses. Proust describes it as related to various senses which in turn become stored as our memories and can be re-triggered.

The human brain is the most complex organ in the human body. It controls the body and stores and processes information for human functioning. Because it's so advanced and sensitive to all surroundings, we often can't compute or articulate how we are conscious of certain things - but we just are!

This is similar to Gall's phrenology in which he discusses how the brain organizes things that are innate and can't be intentionally processed or manipulated in addition to thoughts, feelings, and ideas. The complexity of neuropsychology can be illustrated artistically through the likes of 'brainbows.' A braibow "is a process by which individual neurons in the brain can be distinguished from neighboring neurons using fluorescent proteins." This process is shown using vibrant color codes to label various neurons.

A Brainbow.

Lastly, Albert Hoffman discussed how he loves taking LSD because it takes him into a world of colors and beauties. The neuropsychological impacts of taking hallucinogenics is that brain signals are altered and the output of it is an vibrant, aesthetic, colorful display.



References:

Gardner, Howard. Art, Mind, and Brain. USA: Basic Books. 1982. Google Books. Web. https://books.google.com/books?id=2BMDYRRF1WcC&dq=gardner+%22art+mind+and+brain%22&printsec=frontcover&source=web&ots=DYaIMCGy4j&sig=8yrvOMWISopSrN_fNXsYqUPJCgw#v=onepage&q=gardner%20%22art%20mind%20and%20brain%22&f=false

Max, D.T. "Swann's Hypothesis." New York Times, 4 Nov. 2007. Web. https://www.nytimes.com/2007/11/04/books/review/Max-t.html

Penrose, Roger. "Consciousness Involves Noncomputable Ingredients."The Third Culture: Beyond the Scientific Revolution. John Brockman. Simon & Schuster, 1995. Web. https://www.edge.org/documents/ThirdCulture/v-Ch.14.html

Vesna, Victoria. "Neuroscience-pt1.mov."YouTube, uploaded by UC Online, 17 May 2012. Web. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TzXjNbKDkYI

Vesna, Victoria. "Neuroscience pt3."YouTube, uploaded by UC Online, 16 May 2012. Web. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E5EX75xoBJ0


Tuesday, May 14, 2019

Midterm Upload

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1YhXxcOobutshv70MR4gxTDliXjahrcui/view?usp=sharing

Hi, I posted this PowerPoint on the assignment upload on the class website on May 5th, 2 days early and it said I submitted the assignment so I wasn't fully aware I needed to do this as well. I hope this is okay. Thank you.

Monday, May 13, 2019

Event 2


Cornelia Bast was one of a series of short lectures at the symposium on “Arts based Research in times of Social and Climate Change” on campus on April 4th. Her topic covered “Art Based Research on Dementia.”

Bast began her presentation with daunting statistics of 6 million Americans currently suffering from Alzheimer’s, projected to become 14 million by 2050. She discussed how people  with dementia have different worlds going on inside their heads and can’t always be in the “normal” world with their loved ones. Therefore, she helped create an invention for people to see the physical world in various perspectives to help develop empathy for those with Alzheimer’s and to empower them as well.

Bast discussing Alzheimer rates in America.

Bast used artistic values to come up with this. Additionally, she showed pictures of people  using her experiment and in workshops and doing activities with those suffering from Alzheimer’s. These activities included arts and crafts which culminated her art-based research to learn about dementia and help people.




Marisa Caichiolo talked about her program, “Building Bridges,” which helps build bridges and peace between arts and cultures. This includes residencies, exchange programs, and a traveling museum.

What I found most valuable from her talk was how important dialogue is to her. When linking different peoples and communities around the world, you must be able to have dialogue about social and political issues. Fighting and disagreeing is pointless, dialogue is everything.

Caichiolo showing desert dialogues about art and the world.

She then presented pictures of her trips to the desert, Mexico, Morocco, and South America. In Mexico, she had a discussion about how politicians and the environment influence artists. For example, she had a picture of bananas to show colonization or glaciers melting to depict global warming. This kind of art was a cool way to promote cross-cultural, global dialogue about climate change and important issues in the world.



Ina Conradi talked about her artwork which was based around developing a cross-cultural and global awareness, themes similar to those of Caichiolo. Her presentation, honestly, seemed a little harder to follow, but nevertheless, aesthetically pleasing and interesting.

She discussed her work and life in Singapore before showing some video of a woman trapped in a room, trying to escape. The picture was kind of blurred and looked like clouds.

Conradi showing the "cloudlike" image.

She talked more about how art and science both try to come closer to understanding how the world works, despite a difference in methodology. To blend the two, she showed her attempts to combine art with neuroscience to create artistic interpretations of emotions. This innovation can record brain signals and match emotional signals to music and other art forms.

Overall, these three short lectures were a nice way to build off of Gerald Bast’s keynote speech and give more cool insights to the blending of arts and sciences. I found these relevant to our course and interesting to learn from, especially because of the vivid imagery all three of these speakers used in their presentations.


Me with Gerald Bast, the keynote speaker, on April 4th.

Thursday, May 9, 2019

Week 6


Biotechnology is a controversial means to discovering the potential of scientific experimentation and innovation. Nowadays, many everyday food items are replicated scientifically. DNA experimentation leads to breakthroughs in medicine and cures. However, the way artists depict such biotechnology leads to much discomfort among public opinion.

Vesna mentioned Symbiotica experiments such as rabbits andmice that can be lit up in neon green. Many people take issues with such aesthetically pleasing, yet grotesque images because it does not ethically treat animals correctly. Similarly, experiments to modify butterfly wings are artistically portrayed to show gaping holes that are discolored and appear harmful to the creature.

A Symbiotica rabbit lit up in bright green.

The real question is, how much positive scientific research comes from torturing animals? Do the ends justify the means? Is it even safe to take medicine or eat food that was genetically modified?


The Impossible Burger is an example of genetic modification that's edible and healthy.


Kathy discussed this in her nanobioart blog 8 years ago when she said "I don't think research on GM foods is bad, I just think we need to be more cautious of the consequences. We need to do more long-term research before we have it available."

Artists take a lot of heat for portraying these experiments, which look rather grotesque such as Kathy High's rats. However, it's necessary they display the truth so people know what's going on and so biotechnologists can work towards ethical solutions in experimentation.

As to whether the ends justify the means, I think they can if it leads to cures for cancer, for example. "Outlaw biologists" are viewed as reclusive and at times creepy in their experimental ideas, but they can be misunderstood; as much as they have bizarre ideas, these scientists are the ones who can really make positive change.

Similarly, High's artistry displayed the evils of rat torture, but her artistic intensions were to show her empathy for the rodents because she suffers from Crohn's Disease and could benefit from biotechnology. The experiments she helped exhibit took genetically messed up rats and found solutions to their health problems.

An image of one of Kathy High's rats.


References:

Vesna, Victoria. "5bioart pt1 1280x720"YouTube, uploaded by UC Online, 18 Sept. 2018. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PaThVnA1kyg. Web.

Vesna, Victoria. "5bioart pt2"YouTube, uploaded by UC Online, 17 May 2012.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?list=PL9DBF43664EAC8BC7&time_continue=329&v=MdSt-Hjyi2I. Web.

Vesna, Victoria. "5bioart pt3"YouTube, uploaded by UC Online, 17 May 2012.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?list=PL9DBF43664EAC8BC7&time_continue=5&v=3EpD3np1S2g. Web.

Kelty, Chris. "Meanings of Participation: Outlaw Biology?"(Downloaded From Class Website). Web.

Kathy. "Week 7: Biotechnology." 07 Sept 2011. http://nanobioart.com/classes/ArtSci/taxonomy/term/15. Web

Sunday, April 21, 2019

Week 4


Professor Vesna discussed how medical technologies, such as surgery, are thousands of years old. While they don’t have the same tools and procedures we do now, early humans creatively mended injuries. As more and more medical procedures took place, the human body became more exposed and visually reproduced.

Body scans such as MRIs an x-rays inspired photographic art while plastic surgery became a way to beautify or re-beautify the human face (or body). Doctors who perform these surgeries have to have an artistic touch to help change a person’s outward image. Their craft is comparable to sculpting.

Medical cognition researcher Virgil Wong uses his scientific background to develop art and design centered around the human body. His work “generates personalized 3-D anatomical bodies to visualize health information in the past, present, and future.”


An example of Wong's digital body art.

Artists like Wong use some of the strategies Vesna described to create anatomy exhibits that come to various science museums. I remember a few years back going to “Body Worlds” at the California Science Center. It was really cool to see these layered, 3-D models of the human body in vivid detail. Down to each and every wrinkle and limb, these artists had an unbelievable attention to detail regarding medicine and the human body.

A human body model from "Body Worlds."

I also have been to many homes where people hang body art. It’s becoming a popular trend to purchase and display such body art in a home. I like seeing these pictures in homes because it shows tastes in medical technologies and arts all in one frame in a domestic setting.


Home art for sale.


References:

Vesna, Victoria. "Medicine pt1"YouTube, uploaded by UC Online, 21 April 2012. https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=778&v=Ep0M2bOM9Tk. Web.

Vesna, Victoria. "Medicine pt2"YouTube, uploaded by UC Online, 21 April 2012.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=387&v=psjnQarHOqQ. Web.

Vesna, Victoria. "Medicine pt2"YouTube, uploaded by UC Online, 22 April 2012.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=1013&v=FIX-9mXd3Y4. Web.

Wong, Virgil. "Bio-Virgil Wong." 2003-Present, http://virgilwong.com/bio/. Web.

"Human Anatomy Wall Art & Canvas Prints" 2019, https://www.greatbigcanvas.com/category/education/science/human-anatomy/. Web.

Thursday, April 18, 2019

Event 1


Gerald Bast, the President of the University of Applied Arts in Vienna, delivered the keynote address at the symposium on “Arts based Research in times of Social and Climate Change” on campus on April 4th.

Me with Keynote Speaker Gerald Bast on April 4th at the Symposium.
Bast’s presentation effectively proposed one of the main points of DESMA9 thus far, which is that science and art ought to be infused for the betterment of the world. Bast constantly quoted figures from a variety of disciplines such as performing arts, political science, and even sociology while broadly discussing global effects of technology, climate change, and urbanization. Grabbing wisdom from various disciplines perfectly exemplified Bast’s main point – that the worlds of art and science must be one.

Bast discusses challenging times in the world and the need for interconnectivity between art and science.
He discussed a contrast from Renaissance art where paintings reflected political and economy landscapes of society to post-Renaissance times where arts and science were in distinct spheres. More and more scientific knowledge is being produced, including research published every 20 seconds! 

Bast then got to his main point when he urged people to find the interconnections between the vast scientific knowledge and arts. I thought it was pretty cool that his university pushes for cutting-edge strategies to infuse science and art with interconnections and overlaps, so he’s actually putting his words into practice. He believes these connections can be achieved through 1) complex problem solving, 2) critical thinking, and 3) creativity.

We must find the intersections of Art and Science.

I found his need for holistic ways of thinking – in that science alone isn’t a solution – to be extremely valuable. Moreover, I really valued his proposal that arts can help build universal human identities in a world of Artificial Intelligence and Global Warming.

He quotes Fukuyama, a political scientist, about how one’s dignity and identity are scientifically split into various categories like race, religion, ethnicity but we need creativity in the arts to help us  form more complete, rounded human identities. Just like science and art shouldn’t exclude the other, humans cant be limited to a single role or identity.

I think this speech was a great introduction to the symposium and I would recommend attending it. Having this baseline in the world of art and science will be very helpful in understanding the greater importance of their interconnections both for the midterm project in this course and the progression of planet Earth.

Sunday, April 14, 2019

Week 3

Robotics and mass production aren't a replacement for art and culture, but are often derived from them. Professor Vesna describes their relationship as a "two-way street" because culture influences scientists' ideas of innovation. She discusses how the earliest images of  robotic concepts reflected society and  contemporary culture.

Robots are based on artistic ideas but can be utilized to create more art and culture.

While innovation may encompass societal elements, people like Benjamin warn that mass reproduction may take away the authenticity of art and culture. With the same images being digitized and widespread, the quality and often emotional value goes down. While this isn't universal, even looking at a replica of a masterful painting pales in comparison to viewing the original.

The initial concept of robots was to assist with mass production and take some burden off of laboring  humans to increase efficiency. However, people like Benjamin are fearful of the consequences of eliminating the human component. The Pixar film Wall-E portrays a future reliant on artificial intelligence and mass production to the point that humans pollute the Earth and are forced to relocate. Upon their new home - a spaceship - humans sit in front of screens all day and are all obese and lazy.

People in the world of Wall-E are obese and sit in front of screens all day.

Industrialization has been extremely helpful for the growth of society. For example, Ford's car reproduction helped even the common citizen afford a more efficient lifestyle. And as Davis proposes, humans must remain responsive to new technology and robotics. We must use our creativity and ability to be reactive to avoid laziness and complacency while maintaining artistic and thought-provoking elements of life. Additionally, combining our intellect and abstract thinking can help conceptualize how robots can help society, with proper caution of course.

Ford Motors assemby line.


References:

Benjamin, Walter. The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction. London: Penguin, 2008. Print.

Davis, Douglas. "The Work of Art in the Digital Age of Reproduction." Leonardo, Vol. 28, No. 5, Third Annual New York Digital Salon, 1995, pp. 381-386. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1576221?seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents. Web.

Vesna, Victoria. "Robotics pt1"YouTube, uploaded by UC Online, 15 April 2012. https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=871&v=cRw9_v6w0ew. Web.

Vesna, Victoria. "Robotics pt2"YouTube, uploaded by UC Online, 15 April 2012. https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=253&v=oAZ8bo9T_Pk. Web.

Glass Man. "Technology's role in Wall-E." Wordpress.com, 26 Nov. 2011. https://cbersin.wordpress.com/2011/11/26/technologys-role-in-wall-e/. Web

Monday, April 8, 2019

Week 2

I found the infusion of math in art to be initially obvious, but fascinating. Having a previous interest in  math, I always kind of assumed that you can break down anything into numeric or geometric terms. Many things have shapes and quantities. Professor Vesna validated this by saying that artists are "using mathematics whether you like it or not" in everything they create.

Vesna introduced the idea of linear perspective during lecture as projecting 3D images on 2D surfaces. This is a universal mathematical concept in art that my middle school math teacher taught me when showing me  how to extend lines diagonally to draw a box on graph paper. People like M.C. Escher used simple polyhedrons like cubes as the basis for central structures of his paintings.


A box drawn on graph paper using linear perspective.


The Renaissance artist Robert Campin extended this concept and used precise detail to depict 3D sculptures using oil paints. He brought to life church architecture and sculpture by using perspective in his paintings. 

The Nuptials of the Virgin - St. James the Great and St. Clare by Robert Campin (oil painting, NOT sculpture)

Marc Frantz discussed the geometric strategy of utilizng vanishing points to add to the perspectives  of paintings. A vanishing point could be anywhere on a piece of art, but it is the "intersection of this special line of sight with the picture plane" (Frantz).

Vanishing point visual of how art pieces can be designed around a singular geometric focus.
John Maeda's "Space Diagrams" demonstrate vanishing points and linear perspective blended with his creative shading patterns.

A Maeda Space Diagram

I find that when I look at an old painting or even the design of a football, the marriage of art and mathematics is evident. I hope the disciplines can be more explicitly mixed instead of the subtle yet evident interconnections they have. The ideas of vanishing points and linear perspectives elucidated my personal experiences drawing 3D shapes in my middle school math classes.



References:

"The Mathematical Art of M.C. Escher." Platonic Realms, 2019.

Frantz, Marc. "Lesson 3: Vanishing Points and Looking at Art," University of Central Florida, http://www.cs.ucf.edu/courses/cap6938-02/refs/VanishingPoints.pdf. Web.

Vesna, Victoria. "Mathematics-pt1-ZeroPerspectiveGoldenMean.mov." YouTube, uploaded by UC Online, 9 April 2012.  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mMmq5B1LKDg&feature=player_embedded. Web.

Vesna, Victoria. "Math Intro."YouTube, uploaded by UC Online, 26 March 2012. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eHiL9iskUWM. Web.

Maeda, John. "Space Diagrams." MaedaStudio, 1995. https://maedastudio.com/space-diagrams-1995/. Web.





Sunday, March 31, 2019

Week 1

Snow’s understanding of two conflicting cultures looms in modern American society. Literary and scientific disciplines were historically separate, but also represent separate lifestyles and communities. 

To me, the separation of these two worlds is an allegory for the American political climate today. Nate Silver cited higher education as the largest factor separating Trump versus Clinton voters, correlating with high rural concentrations of Republicans and urban and suburban concentrations of Democrats.
 (Mostly 'less educated' rural counties voted for Trump (red) and 'more eudcated' for Clinton (blue))
Those with college educations have a dominant urban culture and represent the scientific side of this culture war while those with less education are rural and more “emotional” (Silver) as the perceptions of literature and arts tend to be. 


(Scientists historically faced backlash from public opinion. This cartoon depicts modern political conflict that is in line with the two cultures conflict.)
Brockman states “that contemporary scientists are the third culture.” Moreover, Vesna advocates that media artists – who are part of this ‘third culture’ – must carry out dialogue with both humanists and scientists. In order to fix the divide in America, we need both parties and cultures to find common ground and be able to communicate. This comes from respecting each other’s strengths, but not using one’s bias in art to explain science, or vice-versa. 

This danger is seen in the ´Sokal hoax´ where Sokal found people blindly trusted his study if they believed it was backed by science. I have learned from all of this how important it is to question not just other´s convictions, but one´s own, and honestly assess one´s findings to build an optimal future.

Growing up in a conservative neighborhood with liberal parents and friends has helped me appreciate various opinions. I am a political independent with the goal of creating dialogue between people who disagree. I hope that one enriched in arts uses that to enlighten a scientist while science helps bring a new look to philosophers, because we can create a stronger third culture of unity and diversity with respect. 

Again, I don’t want people to change their opinions or interests, but consider those of others to create Vesna’s triangular bridge.

(The potential of humanity by blending our worlds and cultures)



References 

Snow, C. P. The Two Cultures and the Scientific Revolution. New York, New York, Cambridge University Press, 1959. Print

Silver, Nate. Education, Not Income, Predicted Who Would Vote for Trump. FiveThirtyEight, 22 Nov. 2016, https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/education-not-income-predicted-who-would-vote-for-trump/. Web

Brockman, John. The Third Culture. New York, New York, Simon and Schuster, 1995. Print.

Vesna, Victoria. "Toward a Third Culture: Being In Between." Leonardo. 34 (2001): 121-125. Print

Sokal, Alan D. Transgressing the Boundaries: Toward a Transformative Hermeneutics of Quantum Gravity. Social Text, No. 46/47, Science Wars, 1996. Print